Navonim - The Ramblings of Garnel Ironheart

Navonim - The Ramblings of Garnel Ironheart
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Tuesday 15 December 2015

Don't Rely On Mesorah

In the ongoing conflict between Open Orthodoxy and the rest of the Torah observant community, one word keeps popping up on the non-OO side of the debate: mesorah.
It's a loaded word, mesorah.  It means tradition and transmission all rolled into one but, like many other Jewish terms that have been hijacked by a group within our nation it's current use is a new one not reall envisioned by its creators. (Think tikun olam and how the Reformatives changed it)
Mesorah is, like Daas Torah, a magical concept owned by the Agudah and those to the right of it.  It's a magical word which means "they way we present Torah Judaism today is the way its always been since Har Sinai and anything that deviates from our standard is a lesser version." 
Why do we listen to our "Gedolim" even when they talk about subjects they have no expertise in?  Mesorah!  Why do we dress so rigidly?  Mesorah!  Why do we relegate women to second class status and erase their existence from public life?  Mesorah!  Why do we oppose women rabbis?  Mesorah!
The problem is that arguing against that position when it comes to some of Open Orthodoxy's egalitarian innovations really paints one into a corner.  The easy response to "Women rabbis are forbidden because of mesorah" is two words: Turkey and kitniyos.
Turkey is a response because technically speaking it shouldn't be kosher.  The Torah contains two lists of birds that are not kosher and the Gemara in Chullin derives from this that since the Torah always mentions the short list of two options it must mean that all other birds in the world are kosher.  It then goes on to fully describe the signs differentiating a kosher bird from a non-kosher one but concludes that since we are not expert in examining birds for these simanim we avoid eating any bird that we do not have a valid mesorah for its kashrus
The problem with turkey is that, on one hand, it has the simanim of a kosher birdOn the other hand the Chazal, Rishonim and early Acharonim never heard of it because it existed only in the Americas so there was no way to include it in the mesorah of kosher birds.  Despite this the vast majority of Jews have been eating turkey, probably because it looks like a giant chicken, since it was discovered.  This led to lots of teshuvos with the final decision being that turkey is kosher.
Why is this relevant?  Because one of the main reasons used to justify turkey's kashrus is that it got itself into the mesorah in a back handed way.  That is, most Jews ate it because it lacked the simanim necessary to forbid it outright and now that most Jews eat it, it has a mesorah of being kosher and until someone can provide proof of a non-kosher siman, it remains acceptable.
And that's something the OO's can use to their advantage.  Sure women rabbis aren't acceptable under the current mesorah but here's a great example as to how the mesorah changes based on popular behaviour.  The more women rabbis become accepted by the population of Torah observant Jews, the more the mesorah will grow to include them until eventually the mesorah will demand proof from the person who wants to disqualify them.
Then there's kitniyos.  Everyone Ashkenazi knows this one.  While our Sephardi brothers are enjoying a delightfully spiced rice and pea pillaf at the seder we Ashkenazi are chewing on our waterproof non-gebrokht matzah balls. (Did you know that matzahs are male?  Well apparently so)  Originally designed to forbid to Ashkenazim those foods that might accidentally come to resemble chometz foods, the numbers slowly grew from the original list as more and more foods came to be of concern.  But one food should concern us.  Peanuts is on the list.  What's the problem with that?  Well, like turkeys peanuts started off in the Americas.  The Rishonim who created the concept of kitniyos didn't know of their existence.  What's more, exactly who uses peanut flour for anything?  Yet there they are on the list, probably because they're a legume and other legumes are kitniyos but strictly speaking there's no way there's any mesorah about peanuts, just like there isn't with turkeys.
This leaves proponents of the mesorah with a difficult choice: either ban turkeys and allow peanuts on Pesach or admit that the mesorah does change over time and be left without a good argument against women rabbonim.
Which is a shame because there's plenty of other good reasons to maintain the status quo, just they require a lot more thinking and explaining.

5 comments:

micha berger said...

The problem with invoking "mesorah" os that the word has too many meanings. I showed on Torah Musings the specific meaning it had n the Rav's usage, and how R Schachter invoked it in a manner consistent with that.

Allowimg turkeys despite the iffiness of the mesorah -- the specific tradition that turkeys had the proper signs of kashrus since back when we were more sure of our ability to ascertain kashrus of birds using those signs -- is a different usage.

Similarly, it is not R Gordimer's emotional nostalgic appeal to imagining what the greats of 30 years ago would say if they xould magically drop the, downin this tome wothout having lived through the changes since.

Nor did R Schachter invoke "mesorah" in the sense of mimeticism.

What he did use it to meam was being part of the culture of the dialog down the ages of halachic thought. The Rav's xomcept of mesorah imforces a continuity of halachic development that comes from an ineffible feel of how pesaq is done, it is why someone who pasqens without shimush aharc, apprenticeship under one's rebbe is called an am ha'aretz. The Rav often spoke about (and discusses in both Halakhic Man and Halakhic Mind) the difference between "there is no beis medrash [session] without chiddush", innovation consisten pt with that flow, and shinui, changes that run counter to it.

Which raises a second problem -- mesorah can come too close to "daas Torah" for productive conversation. We are talimg about an expertise that cannot be described that a great poseiq has more of than an LOR that gives the former greater athority. It is not "daas Torah" because it comes in "more or less" not all-or-nothing, is limited to authority specifically in pesaq, does not expect uniformity (no "the gedolim hold"), etc... But in MO, daas Torah is a knee-jerk topic and sounding similar is enough to cause communication problems and objections. This is not an objection to the concept, but a problem when invoking it nonetheless.

RAM said...

The pseudo-Orthodox can always find some example like the turkey R' Micha cites, but overall, there is a normative way to handle issues within our tradition, and then there is a deviant way that subverts the whole idea. These OO will always find some easy marks to convince, but fraud is still fraud.

Mr. Cohen said...

Open Orthodoxy has received much more attention than it deserves.

I predict that Open Orthodoxy will not last very long, and I may witness its end within 25 years from now, because history-in-general and Jewish history specifically are moving at an increasingly-rapid pace.

There are other reasons why Open Orthodoxy will not last very long, but I want to limit the length of this comment.

PS: www.camera.org * www.HonestReporting.com * www.memri.org * www.ActForAmerica.org * www.IsraelLawCenter.org

Shira Salamone said...

While you're on the subject of kitniot, why and/or how did corn ("maize") end up in that category? Our ancestors couldn't have had any mesorah regarding corn because it's a native American plant, and, to boot, I've heard that it's technically neither a legume nor a grain, but a vegetable.

Rabbi Ben Hecht said...

Gsrnel is to be commended for his honesty in this post. While clearly not a supporter of Open Orthodoxy, within this post he clearly presents the problem with dogmatic challenges of any nature. Just because an argument serves your agenda does not make it right.

In the same vein of presenting the challenge in invoking the argument of mesora, may I also direct you to a post of mine on the subject on Nishmablog, "The Mesora: Beyond the Issue of Women Rabbis" at http://nishmablog.blogspot.ca/2015/12/the-mesora-beyond-issue-of-women-rabbis.html

Rabbi Ben Hecht